These dogs, such as Great Pyrenees, have been bred to protect herds, usually sheep and goats, from predators such as wolves and coyotes. Larger dogs are often used by herders as livestock guardian dogs.
At these competitions, called trials, herding dogs move animals around an enclosure, through a series of fences and gates. Herding dogs are so skilled and efficient that they often participate in competitions. Herding dogs, such as kelpies and koolies, can also guide herds through dangerous terrain. They keep a herd of sheep, goats, or cattle together. Herding dogs have been bred to respond to the whistle or other commands of the herder. Herders often use herding dogs to help them tend their herd. In Latin America, they are known as vaqueros. In Australia and New Zealand, cowboys are called jackaroos and jillaroos. Herders who tend to cattle were once called cowherds.
Goatherds tend to goats, and swineherds to pigs and hogs. Shepherds, for instance, herd and tend to flocks of sheep. Herders often specialize in a particular type of livestock. Herders also keep the herd together and guide it toward the most fertile grassland. Herders have traditionally provided protection for the animals. Predators such as lions, wolves, and coyotes pose major risks to domestic herds. They move from one fertile grassland to another without an organized direction. Goats, sheep, and llamas, for instance, live in herds as a form of protection.
Many animals naturally live and travel together in groups called herds.
Hunters learned that by controlling animals they once pursued, they could have reliable sources of meat, milk and milk products, and hides for tents and clothing. Herding developed about 10,000 years ago, as prehistoric hunters domesticated wild animals such as sheep and goats. Herding is the practice of caring for roaming groups of livestock over a large area.
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